India’s Foreign Trade: 2009-10 (April-December)

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এই তারিখে প্রকাশিত মার্চ 10, 2010

শুনুন

India’s Foreign Trade: 2009-10 (April-December)

India’s Foreign Trade: 2009-10 (April-December)*

This article reviews India’s merchandise trade performance during April-December 2009 on the basis of data released by the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S); disaggregated commodity-wise details for the period April-July 2009 are also analysed.

Highlights

• India’s merchandise exports during December 2009 at US$ 14.6 billion recorded a growth of 9.3 per cent as compared with a decline of 8.6 per cent registered in December 2008. The decline in exports which began since October 2008 continued for twelve consecutive months. The exports turned around by exhibiting an increase of 0.3 per cent in October 2009. The positive growth in exports continued in November 2009 at 18.2 per cent and in December 2009 at 9.3 per cent.

• During April-December 2009 exports stood at US$ 117.5 billion, posting a decline of 20.4 per cent as against a growth of 27.5 per cent during the corresponding period of 2008.

• Imports during December 2009 at US$ 24.8 billion showed a significant growth of 27.2 per cent as against a decline of 3.3 per cent recorded in December 2008. This was due to growth in both petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) and non-POL imports. This turnaround in imports occurred after a continuous decline in imports during past one year.

• During April-December 2009, imports at US$ 193.5 billion recorded a decline of 23.7 per cent as against a high growth of 38.5 per cent a year ago.

• Petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) imports at US$ 56.8 billion during April- December 2009 showed a decline of 29.9 per cent, as against a high growth of 49.0 per cent a year ago, primarily due to reduction in international crude oil prices over the period. The average price of Indian basket of crude oil during April-December 2009 stood at US$ 67.5 per barrel (ranged between US$ 50.1 – 77.4 per barrel), which was lower by 29.3 per cent than US$ 95.5 per barrel (ranged between US$ 40.6 – 132.5 per barrel) during April-December 2008.

• Non-POL imports during April-December 2009 at US$ 136.7 billion showed a decline of 20.9 per cent as against a growth of 34.0 per cent a year ago.

• Trade deficit during April-December 2009 amounted to US$ 76.1 billion, thereby showing a decline of US$ 30.2 billion (28.4 per cent) over US$ 106.2 billion during April-December 2008, mainly due to decline in both oil and non-oil imports.

India’s Merchandise Trade during 2009-10 (April-December)

Exports

India’s merchandise exports during December 2009 at US$ 14.6 billion recorded a growth of 9.3 per cent as compared with a decline of 8.6 per cent registered in December 2008 (Statement 1). The decline in exports which began since October 2008 continued for twelve consecutive months. The rates of decline in exports showed persistent moderation since June 2009 and in October 2009, exports turned around by exhibiting an increase of 0.3 per cent. The positive growth in exports continued in November 2009 at 18.2 per cent and in December 2009 at 9.3 per cent. The absolute value of exports in December 2009 was the highest since October 2008. Also, the increase in exports was in tune with the rise in world commodity prices. All this indicated continuity in improved performance of exports (Chart 1). Cumulatively, exports during April-December 2009 stood at US$ 117.5 billion, posting a decline of 20.4 per cent as against a growth of 27.5 per cent during April-December 2008 (Table 1 and Statement 2).

Table 1 : India's Merchandise Trade: April-December
Items	2008-09 R	2009-10 P
Items	April-December
1	2	3
Exports	147.6	117.5
	(27.5)	(-20.4)
Oil Exports	22.9	..
	(17.1)
Non-Oil Exports	124.7	..
	(29.6)
Imports	253.8	193.5
	(38.5)	(-23.7)
Oil Imports	81.1	56.8
	(49.0)	(-29.9)
Non-Oil Imports	172.7	136.7
	(34.0)	(-20.9)
Trade Balance	-106.2	-76.1
Oil Trade Balance	-58.2	..
Non-Oil Trade Balance	-48.0	..
R : Revised. P : Provisional. .. Not available. Note : Figures in parentheses show percentage change over the corresponding period of the previous year. Source : Compiled from Ministry of Commerce and Industry and DGCI&S data.

The latest commodity-wise exports data released by DGCI&S for April-July 2009 revealed that manufactured goods maintained the largest share at 70.3 per cent, followed by primary products (13.6 per cent) and petroleum products (12.3 per cent). Moreover, the share of manufactured goods has increased along with decrease in the shares of petroleum products and primary products (Table 2).

During April-July 2009, exports of all major commodity groups declined (Statement 3). Exports of primary products during April-July 2009 showed a sharp decline of 36.9 per cent as against a high growth of 66.1 per cent a year ago, due to decline in its major components. Within primary products, agricultural and allied products exports at US$ 5.0 billion showed a decline of 34.6 per cent (growth of 81.9 per cent during the corresponding period of previous year). This was due to decline in most of its components. Exports of ores and minerals declined by 42.1 per cent as against a growth of 38.4 per cent a year ago, mainly due to decline in iron ore and processed minerals.

Table 2: India’s Exports of Principal Commodities
Commodity Group	2007-08	2008-09	2008-09	2009-10
Commodity Group	April-March		April-July
1	2	3	4	5
I. Primary Products	16.9	13.7	14.4	13.6
Agriculture and Allied Products	11.3	9.5	10.0	9.8
Ores and Minerals	5.6	4.2	4.4	3.8
II. Manufactured Goods	63.2	66.5	63.7	70.3
Leather and Manufactures	2.2	1.9	1.8	2.0
Chemicals and Related Products	13.0	12.3	11.1	13.0
Engineering Goods	22.9	25.5	24.6	24.8
Textiles and Textile Products	11.9	10.8	9.8	12.3
Gems and Jewellery	12.1	15.1	15.6	17.0
III. Petroleum Products	17.4	14.5	17.1	12.3
IV. Others	2.5	5.3	4.8	3.8
Total Exports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data.

Exports of manufactured goods during April-July 2009 at US$ 35.5 billion exhibited a decline of 26.1 per cent in contrast with a high growth of 52.5 per cent a year ago, due to decline in its major components. Within manufactured goods, exports of engineering goods, which is the largest item in India’s exports, at US$ 12.5 billion declined by 32.5 per cent against a high growth of 64.6 per cent a year ago. This was due to decline in all its major constituents such as transport equipments, machinery and instruments, manufacture of metals and electronic goods as also iron and steel.

Gems and jewellery exports during April- July 2009 at US$ 8.6 billion recorded a sharp decline of 26.9 per cent as against a high growth of 91.0 per cent during the corresponding period of the previous year. Chemicals and related products exports during April-July 2009 at US$ 6.6 billion showed a decline of 21.2 per cent (a growth of 33.9 per cent during April-July 2008). The decline in the exports of chemicals and related products was led by fall in exports of its largest component, viz., ‘basic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics’ as also in other components. Exports of textiles and textile products during April-July 2009 at US$ 6.2 billion exhibited a decline of 15.6 per cent as against a growth of 20.7 per cent a year ago. This was because of decline in the exports of all its major components such as readymade garments, cotton yarn, fabrics, made-ups and manmade yarn, fabrics and made-ups.

Exports of petroleum products at US$ 6.2 billion during April-July 2009 registered a decline of 52.0 per cent as against a growth of 49.6 per cent a year ago. This occurred in the aftermath of sharp decline in world oil prices during April-July 2009 over April-July 2008 (Chart 3). The volume of these exports declined by 1.6 per cent during the period as compared with a decline of 14.4 per cent during April-July 2008.

Destination-wise, during April-July 2009, among the regions, developing countries and OECD countries were the major markets for India’s exports with these groups accounting for 37.3 per cent and 36.4 per cent shares, respectively (Table 3). Another major contributor was OPEC with the share of 23.7 per cent. During April-July 2009, the shares of OECD and OPEC increased while that of developing countries declined. Country-wise, the UAE was the largest destination for India in April-July 2009, with a share of 14.3 per cent in India’s total exports. It was followed by the US (11.1 per cent), China (5.3 per cent), Singapore (5.1 per cent), Hong Kong (3.9 per cent), the UK (3.7 per cent), the Netherlands (3.4 per cent) and Germany (3.2 per cent). Direction of India’s exports during April-July 2009 indicated that exports to all major markets, such as the EU, OPEC and developing countries declined (Statement 4).

Imports

Imports during December 2009 at US$ 24.8 billion showed a significant growth of 27.2 per cent as against a decline of 3.3 per cent recorded in December 2008. This was due to growth in both petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) and non-POL imports (Statement 1). This turnaround in imports occurred after a continuous decline in imports during past one year. Imports started falling since December 2008 but witnessed consistently lower rates of decline since September 2009 (Chart 1). During April- December 2009, imports at US$ 193.5 billion registered a decline of 23.7 per cent (38.5 per cent growth a year ago) [Table 1 and Statement 2].

Table 3: India's Exports to Principal Regions
(Percentage Shares)
Region/Country	2007-08	2008-09	2008-09	2009-10
Region/Country	April-March		April- July
1	2	3	4	5
I. OECD Countries	39.5	36.9	34.7	36.4
EU	21.2	21.0	20.1	20.3
North America	13.5	12.1	10.9	11.9
US	12.7	11.3	10.3	11.1
Asia and Oceania	3.2	2.5	2.2	2.8
Other OECD Countries	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.4
II. OPEC	16.6	21.0	22.8	23.7
III. Eastern Europe	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.0
IV. Developing Countries	42.5	37.0	38.3	37.3
Asia	31.6	27.7	28.4	28.3
SAARC	5.9	4.6	4.8	4.7
Other Asian Developing Countries	25.7	23.1	23.6	23.6
Africa	7.5	6.2	6.6	6.1
Latin America	3.4	3.1	3.3	2.8
V. Others / Unspecified	0.3	4.0	3.1	1.6
Total Exports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source : Compiled from DGCI&S data.

POL imports at US$ 56.8 billion during April-December 2009 showed a decline of 29.9 per cent, as against a high growth of 49.0 per cent a year ago, primarily due to reduction in international crude oil prices over the period. The average price of Indian basket of crude oil during April-December 2009 stood at US$ 67.5 per barrel (ranged between US$ 50.1 – 77.4 per barrel), which was lower by 29.3 per cent than US$ 95.5 per barrel (ranged between US$ 40.6 – 132.5 per barrel) during April-December 2008 (Table 4). Non-POL imports at US$ 136.7 billion recorded a decrease of 20.9 per cent during April-December 2009 as against a growth of 34.0 per cent in April-December 2008.

Table 4 : Trends in Crude Oil Prices
(US $/barrel)
Period	Dubai	Brent	WTI*	Indian Basket**
1	2	3	4	5
2000-01	25.9	28.1	30.3	26.8
2001-02	21.8	23.2	24.1	22.4
2002-03	25.9	27.6	29.2	26.6
2003-04	26.9	29.0	31.4	27.8
2004-05	36.4	42.2	45.0	39.2
2005-06	53.4	58.0	59.9	55.7
2006-07	60.9	64.4	64.7	62.4
2007-08	77.3	82.4	82.3	79.5
2008-09	82.1	84.7	85.8	82.7
December 2008	41.0	41.6	41.4	40.6
December 2009	75.5	74.7	74.5	75.0
* West Texas Intermediate. The composition of Indian basket of crude represents average of Oman and Dubai for sour grades and Brent (dated) for sweet grade in the ratio of 63.5:36.5 w.e.f. April 1, 2009. Sources** : International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics; World Bank’s Commodity Price Pink Sheet for January 2009; Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India.

The commodity-wise imports data for April-July 2009 indicated that POL imports at US$ 24.0 billion showed a decline of 43.2 per cent as against a high growth of 86.9 per cent a year ago, mainly due to sharp reduction in international crude oil prices over the period (Statement 5). The volume of POL imports, however, showed a growth of 12.5 per cent as against a growth of 9.5 per cent a year ago.

Non-POL imports during April-July 2009 at US$ 58.4 billion witnessed a decline of 25.2 per cent as against a high growth of 34.5 per cent during the corresponding period of 2008. Slowdown in non-POL imports was mainly due to sharp decline in imports of capital goods (decline of 26.0 per cent as against a growth of 60.5 per cent in April- July 2008), pearls, precious and semi-precious stones (fall of 41.0 per cent as against a growth of 100.3 per cent during April-July 2008), gold and silver, chemicals, fertilisers, non-ferrous metals and coal, coke and briquettes. However, imports of edible oil and pulses showed substantial growth. During April-July 2009 the shares of capital goods, gold and silver, organic and inorganic chemicals, coal, coke and briquettes, and iron and steel in total imports went up, while those of petroleum, crude and products, pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and fertilisers came down (Table 5).

Source-wise, during April-July 2009, developing countries had the highest share in India’s total imports (34.1 per cent), followed by OECD countries (33.2 per cent) and OPEC (29.6 per cent) [Table 6]. The shares of developing countries and OECD countries increased, while that of OPEC declined during the period. Country-wise, China continued to be the single largest source of imports with the share of 11.9 per cent in total imports, followed by the US (6.0 per cent), the UAE (6.0 per cent), Saudi Arabia (5.4 per cent), Australia (4.8 per cent), Iran (4.2 per cent), Switzerland (4.0 per cent) and Germany (3.8 per cent). Direction of India’s imports during April-July 2009 indicated that imports from all the major regions declined (Statement 6).

Table 5: Imports of Principal Commodities
(Percentage Shares)
Commodity/Group		2007-08	2008-09	2008-09	2009-10
Commodity/Group		April- March		April- July
1		2	3	4	5
1.	Petroleum, Crude and Products	31.7	30.1	35.1	29.1
2.	Capital Goods	27.9	23.6	22.0	23.8
3.	Gold and Silver	7.1	7.2	6.5	9.4
4.	Organic and Inorganic Chemicals	3.9	4.0	4.2	4.6
5.	Coal, Coke and Briquettes, etc.	2.6	3.3	3.1	3.3
6.	Fertilisers	2.2	4.5	3.5	2.5
7.	Metalliferrous Ores, Metal Scrap, etc.	3.1	2.6	2.9	2.8
8.	Iron and Steel	3.5	3.1	2.8	3.0
9.	Pearls, Precious and Semi-Precious Stones	3.2	5.5	5.5	4.8
10.	Others	14.8	16.1	14.4	16.7
Total Imports		100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source : Compiled from DGCI&S data.

Table 6 : Share of Groups/Countries in India's Imports
Region/Country	2007-08	2008-09	2008-09	2009-10
Region/Country	April-March		April-July
1	2	3	4	5
I. OECD Countries	35.4	31.7	30.2	33.2
EU	15.3	13.9	13.4	13.7
France	2.5	1.5	1.3	1.1
Germany	3.9	3.9	3.7	3.8
UK	2.0	1.9	1.6	1.7
North America	9.1	6.9	6.1	6.7
US	8.4	6.1	5.4	6.0
Asia and Oceania	5.8	6.3	5.9	7.5
Other OECD Countries	5.2	4.6	4.9	5.3
II. OPEC	30.7	32.1	36.3	29.6
III. Eastern Europe	1.5	2.2	1.6	2.4
IV. Developing Countries	31.5	31.9	31.4	34.1
Asia	25.5	25.9	25.6	27.1
SAARC	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other Asian Developing Countries	24.7	25.3	25.1	26.5
of which
People’s Republic of China	10.8	10.6	10.6	11.9
Africa	3.7	4.1	4.2	4.7
Latin America	2.3	1.9	1.6	2.3
V. Others / Unspecified	0.9	2.1	0.5	0.7
Total Imports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source : Compiled from DGCI&S data.

Trade Deficit

The trade deficit during April-December 2009 amounted to US$ 76.1 billion, which was lower by US$ 30.2 billion (28.4 per cent) than US$ 106.2 billion a year ago, due to relatively larger decline in imports than exports during the period (Statement 2 and Chart 1).

Trade deficit on oil account during April- July 2009 stood at US$ 17.8 billion, which was lower by US$ 11.5 billion than US$ 29.3 billion a year ago. Trade deficit on non-oil account during this period amounted to US$ 14.1 billion, which was lower by US$ 1.5 billion than US$ 15.7 billion in April- July 2008.

Global Trade

World merchandise exports which started declining since November 2008 as an outcome of global economic crisis, subsequently witnessed much larger rates of decline. However, world exports showed consistent recovery since May 2009, with an increased momentum since September 2009. According to the latest monthly data from International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) International Financial Statistics (IFS), in October 2009 the decline in world exports was 8.5 per cent which was lower than that in September 2009 and as such lowest since November 2008 so far. This was in line with the recovery in world commodity prices. The trend showed that world exports and exports of advanced economies and emerging and developing economies moved in tandem with each other in 2008 and their rates of decline have exhibited a strong convergence during 2009 so far (Chart 2). Cumulatively, world merchandise exports during January-October 2009, in dollar terms, showed a decline of 25.3 per cent as against a growth of 21.8 per cent a year ago (Table 7). During the same period, exports of advanced economies declined by 26.4 per cent in contrast with a growth of 16.9 per cent a year back, and the exports of emerging and developing economies declined by 23.9 per cent as against a growth of 30.8 per cent a year ago.

Table 7: Growth in Exports - Global Scenario
(Per cent)
Region/Country	2007	2008	2008	2009
Region/Country	January-December		January-October
1	2	3	4	5
World	14.1	15.8	21.8	-25.3
Advanced Economies	13.5	11.0	16.9	-26.4
US	12.0	11.9	16.4	-21.7
France	12.3	10.1	15.9	-26.4
Germany	18.0	10.8	16.0	-27.4
Japan	7.8	12.3	17.7	-31.5
Emerging and Developing Economies	15.3	24.6	30.8	-23.9
Singapore	10.1	13.0	19.7	-26.3
China	25.6	17.3	21.9	-20.4
India	23.3	29.7	29.7*	-19.3*
Indonesia	14.7	24.4	25.0	-21.1
Korea	14.1	13.6	20.9	-19.8
Malaysia	9.6	19.1	19.9	-26.5
Thailand	17.1	12.9	22.0	-19.1
* January-December 2009 over January-December 2008. Source: 1. IMF (www.imfstatistics.org). 2. DGCI&S for India.

World Commodity Prices

According to IMF’s IFS, the world commodity prices which started falling since October 2008 witnessed substantially higher rates of decline during subsequent months. However, the rate of decline in prices progressively moderated since August 2009 and the commodity prices, in fact, showed a sharp rise since November 2009. In December 2009, the prices showed a rise of 40.4 per cent (Chart 3). During this month, the prices of energy, food and metals increased by 49.5 per cent, 16.6 per cent and 44.6 per cent, respectively.

Statement 1 : India’s Foreign Trade - December 2009
Year	Exports			Imports			Trade Balance
Year	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Rupees crore
2007-08	57,682	9,005	48,677	79,340	26,913	52,427	-21,658	-17,908	-3,750
	(19.3)	(35.1)	(16.7)	(13.4)	(35.7)	(4.5)
2008-09 R	65,015	6,340	58,675	94,625	21,171	73,454	-29,610	-14,832	-14,778
	(12.7)	(-29.6)	(20.5)	(19.3)	(-21.3)	(40.1)
2009-10 P	68,107	..	..	1,15,420	30,475	84,945	-47,313
	(4.8)			(22.0)	(43.9)	(15.6)
US dollar million
2007-08	14,625	2,283	12,342	20,117	6,824	13,293	-5,491	-4,541	-951
	(35.0)	(52.9)	(32.1)	(28.3)	(53.6)	(18.3)
2008-09 R	13,368	1,304	12,065	19,456	4,578	14,878	-6,088	-3,274	-2,814
	(-8.6)	(-42.9)	(-2.2)	(-3.3)	(-32.9)	(11.9)
2009-10 P	14,606			24,753	6,536	18,217	-10,147
	(9.3)			(27.2)	(42.8)	(22.4)
P : Provisional. R : Revised. .. Not available. Note : Figures in brackets relate to percentage variation over the corresponding previous period. Source : Press Release, Ministry of Commerce & Industry.

Statement 2 : India’s Foreign Trade
Year	Exports			Imports			Trade Balance
Year	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
April-March
Rupees crore
2006-07	5,71,779	84,520	4,87,259	8,40,506	2,58,572	5,81,935	-2,68,727	-1,74,052	-94,675
	(25.3)	(64.0)	(20.3)	(27.3)	(32.8)	(24.9)
2007-08 R	6,55,864	1,14,192	5,41,672	10,12,312	3,20,655	6,91,657	-3,56,448	-2,06,463	-1,49,985
	(14.7)	(35.1)	(11.2)	(20.4)	(24.0)	(18.9)
2008-09 P	8,40,755	1,23,398	7,17,357	13,74,435	4,19,946	9,54,489	-5,33,680	-2,96,548	-2,37,132
	(28.2)	(8.1)	(32.4)	(35.8)	(31.0)	(38.0)
US dollar million
2006-07	126,414	18,635	107,780	185,735	56,945	128,790	-59,321	-38,311	-21,010
	(22.6)	(60.1)	(17.9)	(24.5)	(29.5)	(22.4)	(28.7)
2007-08 R	162,904	28,363	134,541	251,439	79,645	171,795	-88,535	-51,281	-37,254
	(28.9)	(52.2)	(24.8)	(35.4)	(39.9)	(33.4)	(49.2)
2008-09 P	185,295	26,830	158,466	303,696	91,306	212,390	-118,401	-64,476	-53,924
	(13.7)	(-5.4)	(17.8)	(20.8)	(14.6)	(23.6)	(33.7)
April-December
Rupees crore
2007-08	4,67,133	78,920	3,88,214	7,40,080	2,19,897	5,20,183	-2,72,947	-1,40,978	-1,31,969
	(11.2)	(20.8)	(9.5)	(16.2)	(9.9)	(19.0)
2008-09 R	6,52,920	1,02,360	5,50,560	11,26,199	3,56,225	7,69,974	-4,73,279	-2,53,865	-2,19,414
	(39.8)	(29.7)	(41.8)	(52.2)	(62.0)	(48.0)
2009-10 P	5,63,304	..	..	9,27,969	2,72,527	6,55,442	-3,64,665
	(-13.7)			(-17.6)	(-23.5)	(-14.9)
US dollar million
2007-08	115,768	19,536	96,233	183,302	54,421	128,881	-67,533	-34,885	-32,648
	(25.8)	(36.7)	(23.8)	(31.2)	(23.2)	(34.9)
2008-09 R	147,569	22,883	124,687	253,809	81,101	172,708	-106,240	-58,219	-48,022
	(27.5)	(17.1)	(29.6)	(38.5)	(49.0)	(34.0)
2009-10 P	117,481	..	..	193,535	56,838	136,697	-76,054
	(-20.4)			(-23.7)	(-29.9)	(-20.9)
P : Provisional. R : Revised. .. : Not available. Note: Figures in brackets relate to percentage variation over the corresponding period of the previous year. Source : Press Release, Ministry of Commerce & Industry.

Statement 3 : India’s Exports of Principal Commodities
(US$ million)
Commodity/Group		April-July			Percentage Variation
Commodity/Group		2007-08	2008-09 R	2009-10 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1		2	3	4	5	6
I.	Primary Products	6,536.0	10,855.3	6,853.8	66.1	-36.9
		(13.5)	(14.4)	(13.6)
	A. Agricultural & Allied Products	4,163.7	7,571.8	4,952.4	81.9	-34.6
	of which :	(8.6)	(10.0)	(9.8)
	1. Tea	109.2	180.3	145.8	65.2	-19.1
	2. Coffee	147.1	210.6	138.5	43.2	-34.2
	3. Rice	742.4	1,041.6	1,069.4	40.3	2.7
	4. Wheat	0.0	0.0	0.0	-	-
	5. Cotton Raw incl. Waste	189.6	385.0	220.6	103.1	-42.7
	6. Tobacco	147.3	242.3	280.0	64.5	15.5
	7. Cashew incl. CNSL	171.8	270.4	189.8	57.4	-29.8
	8. Spices	312.2	563.8	380.8	80.6	-32.5
	9. Oil Meal	267.7	943.5	411.7	252.4	-56.4
	10.Marine Products	474.9	460.3	413.1	-3.1	-10.2
	11.Sugar & Molasses	419.8	750.2	9.5	78.7	-98.7
	B. Ores & Minerals	2,372.4	3,283.5	1,901.4	38.4	-42.1
	of which :	(4.9)	(4.4)	(3.8)
	1. Iron Ore	1,240.9	1,984.5	1,146.2	59.9	-42.2
	2. Processed Minerals	414.5	566.8	379.0	36.7	-33.1
II.	Manufactured Goods	31,461.0	47,989.4	35,464.5	52.5	-26.1
	of which :	(65.0)	(63.7)	(70.3)
	A. Leather & Manufactures	1,101.0	1,345.0	1,021.1	22.2	-24.1
	B. Chemicals & Related Products	6,244.8	8,358.9	6,584.6	33.9	-21.2
	1. Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics	4,116.6	5,639.2	4,558.2	37.0	-19.2
	2. Plastic & Linoleum	1,046.1	1,205.9	932.5	15.3	-22.7
	3. Rubber, Glass, Paints & Enamels, etc.	841.8	1,104.2	806.6	31.2	-27.0
	4. Residual Chemicals & Allied Products	240.3	409.5	287.4	70.5	-29.8
	C. Engineering Goods	11,275.0	18,558.8	12,526.9	64.6	-32.5
	of which :
	1. Manufactures of Metals	1,941.5	2,687.5	1,978.8	38.4	-26.4
	2. Machinery & Instruments	2,691.6	4,087.4	3,027.9	51.9	-25.9
	3. Transport Equipments	2,151.3	4,492.3	3,868.7	108.8	-13.9
	4. Iron & Steel	1,834.5	2,733.7	779.9	49.0	-71.5
	5. Electronic Goods	997.8	2,318.6	1,911.8	132.4	-17.5
	D. Textiles and Textile Products	6,114.5	7,378.7	6,226.9	20.7	-15.6
	1. Cotton Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc.	1,394.3	1,625.7	976.9	16.6	-39.9
	2. Natural Silk Yarn, Fabrics Madeups, etc. (incl.silk waste)	134.4	135.9	93.9	1.1	-30.9
	3. Manmade Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc.	828.5	1,157.6	1,111.9	39.7	-4.0
	4. Manmade Staple Fibre	72.7	113.3	86.1	55.8	-24.0
	5. Woollen Yarn, Fabrics, Madeups, etc.	28.2	37.3	29.2	32.3	-21.9
	6. Readymade Garments	3,240.4	3,814.4	3,611.1	17.7	-5.3
	7. Jute & Jute Manufactures	95.8	125.2	69.1	30.6	-44.8
	8. Coir & Coir Manufactures	47.4	53.7	47.9	13.5	-10.9
	9. Carpets	272.8	315.4	200.9	15.6	-36.3
	(a) Carpet Handmade	267.2	313.2	198.3	17.2	-36.7
	(b) Carpet Millmade	0.0	0.0	0.0	-	-
	(c) Silk Carpets	5.6	2.2	2.5	-60.6	15.3
	E. Gems & Jewellery	6,141.9	11,733.8	8,572.9	91.0	-26.9
	F. Handicrafts	181.0	101.5	61.4	-43.9	-39.5
III.	Petroleum Products	8,629.9	12,913.7	6,195.1	49.6	-52.0
		(17.8)	(17.1)	(12.3)	-3.9	-28.4
IV.	Others	1,769.8	3,599.9	1,955.1	103.4	-45.7
		(3.7)	(4.8)	(3.9)
Total Exports		48,396.8	75,358.3	50,468.5	55.7	-33.0
P : Provisional. R : Revised. Note : Figures in brackets relate to percentage to total exports for the period. Source : DGCI&S.

Statement 4 : Direction of India's Foreign Trade- Exports
(US$ million)
Group/Country		April-July			Percentage Variation
Group/Country		2007-08	2008-09 R	2009-10 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1		2	3	4	5	6
I.	O E C D Countries	19,411.7	26,121.1	18,358.7	34.6	-29.7
A.	E U	10,365.3	15,150.2	10,242.8	46.2	-32.4
	of which:
	1. Belgium	1,376.9	1,767.9	1,008.0	28.4	-43.0
	2. France	777.4	1,206.3	963.1	55.2	-20.2
	3. Germany	1,548.1	2,366.2	1,603.2	52.8	-32.2
	4. Italy	1,265.3	1,529.3	962.4	20.9	-37.1
	5. Netherlands	1,272.2	2,445.7	1,722.8	92.2	-29.6
	6. U K	2,051.3	2,528.4	1,865.8	23.3	-26.2
B.	North America	6,888.7	8,216.8	5,983.7	19.3	-27.2
	1. Canada	391.2	485.2	366.7	24.0	-24.4
	2. U S A	6,497.5	7,731.7	5,617.0	19.0	-27.4
C.	Asia and Oceania	1,393.0	1,621.8	1,424.8	16.4	-12.1
	of which:
	1. Australia	297.7	486.3	351.9	63.3	-27.6
	2. Japan	1,053.6	1,059.2	981.2	0.5	-7.4
D.	Other O E C D Countries	764.8	1,132.3	707.3	48.1	-37.5
	of which:
	1. Switzerland	198.1	273.9	154.9	38.3	-43.4
II.	O P E C	8,974.4	17,154.9	11,968.0	91.2	-30.2
	of which:
	1. Indonesia	567.5	1,033.5	1,125.2	82.1	8.9
	2. Iran	959.4	991.9	734.8	3.4	-25.9
	3. Iraq	66.3	186.8	180.7	181.6	-3.2
	4. Kuwait	213.4	313.7	259.3	47.0	-17.3
	5. Saudi Arabia	1,108.9	2,364.5	1,249.5	113.2	-47.2
	6. U A E	5,275.2	11,009.3	7,230.3	108.7	-34.3
III.	Eastern Europe	516.8	838.5	490.1	62.3	-41.6
	of which:
	1. Russia	261.1	485.0	266.0	85.8	-45.2
IV.	Developing Countries	18,952.6	28,865.6	18,828.5	52.3	-34.8
	of which:
	A. Asia	13,674.4	21,386.5	14,295.1	56.4	-33.2
	a) S A A R C	2,498.9	3,579.9	2,369.7	43.3	-33.8
	1. Afghanistan	64.7	113.3	159.3	75.1	40.6
	2. Bangladesh	625.2	1,063.1	655.7	70.0	-38.3
	3. Bhutan	26.9	39.8	30.2	48.0	-24.1
	4. Maldives	23.7	39.9	25.3	68.9	-36.6
	5. Nepal	417.8	590.1	425.8	41.2	-27.8
	6. Pakistan	538.4	620.8	532.3	15.3	-14.3
	7. Sri Lanka	802.2	1,112.9	541.0	38.7	-51.4
	b) Other Asian Developing Countries	11,175.5	17,806.5	11,925.4	59.3	-33.0
	of which:
	1. People’s Republic of China	2,577.6	3,760.2	2,652.4	45.9	-29.5
	2. Hong Kong	1,816.2	2,404.2	1,977.5	32.4	-17.7
	3. South Korea	715.8	1,357.3	761.1	89.6	-43.9
	4. Malaysia	496.8	1,075.2	939.9	116.4	-12.6
	5. Singapore	1,997.5	4,290.3	2,551.4	114.8	-40.5
	6. Thailand	442.3	845.6	417.6	91.2	-50.6
	B. Africa	4,075.9	4,997.6	3,098.6	22.6	-38.0
	of which:
	1. Benin	68.8	69.5	59.6	0.9	-14.2
	2. Egypt Arab Republic	433.4	838.9	368.8	93.5	-56.0
	3. Kenya	358.7	574.6	543.6	60.2	-5.4
	4. South Africa	935.6	781.7	600.1	-16.5	-23.2
	5. Sudan	116.4	165.4	144.0	42.1	-13.0
	6. Tanzania	163.5	499.7	270.4	205.6	-45.9
	7. Zambia	52.2	38.7	27.0	-25.8	-30.3
	C. Latin American Countries	1,202.3	2,481.6	1,434.8	106.4	-42.2
V.	Others	439.6	163.6	225.0	-62.8	37.6
VI.	Unspecified	101.8	2,214.6	598.2	-	-73.0
Total Exports		48,396.8	75,358.3	50,468.5	55.7	-33.0
P : Provisional. R : Revised. Source : DGCI & S.

Statement 5 : India's Imports of Principal Commodities
(US$ million)
Commodity/Group		April-July			Percentage Variation
Commodity/Group		2007-08	2008-09 R	2009-10 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1		2	3	4	5	6
I.	Bulk Imports	33,278.3	59,605.2	35,024.8	79.1	-41.2
		(41.3)	(49.5)	(42.5)
	A. Petroleum, Petroleum Products	22,596.0	42,220.7	23,966.1	86.9	-43.2
	& Related Material	(28.0)	(35.1)	(29.1)
	B. Bulk Consumption Goods	1,360.8	1,258.4	2,239.9	-7.5	78.0
	1. Wheat	12.3	0.0	0.0	-	-
	2. Cereals & Cereal Preparations	11.1	13.8	13.4	24.0	-3.2
	3. Edible Oil	882.1	863.0	1,533.8	-2.2	77.7
	4. Pulses	454.8	381.0	512.7	-16.2	34.6
	5. Sugar	0.4	0.5	180.1	-	-
	C. Other Bulk Items	9,321.5	16,126.2	8,818.8	73.0	-45.3
	1. Fertilisers	1,289.4	4,215.4	2,046.2	226.9	-51.5
	a) Crude	154.6	314.6	248.4	103.4	-21.0
	b) Sulphur & Unroasted Iron Pyrites	67.3	336.6	30.7	400.1	-90.9
	c) Manufactured	1,067.4	3,564.2	1,767.1	233.9	-50.4
	2. Non-Ferrous Metals	1,030.2	3,761.7	1,011.0	265.1	-73.1
	3. Paper, Paperboard & Mgfd. incl. Newsprint	456.3	643.4	426.0	41.0	-33.8
	4. Crude Rubber, incl. Synthetic & Reclaimed	234.1	361.4	303.0	54.3	-16.2
	5. Pulp & Waste Paper	239.2	311.0	249.6	30.0	-19.7
	6. Metalliferrous Ores & Metal Scrap	3,039.4	3,501.4	2,289.6	15.2	-34.6
	7. Iron & Steel	3,033.0	3,332.0	2,493.3	9.9	-25.2
II.	Non-Bulk Imports	47,386.4	60,731.3	47,336.2	28.2	-22.1
		(58.7)	(50.5)	(57.5)
	A. Capital Goods	16,517.7	26,507.7	19,610.7	60.5	-26.0
	1. Manufactures of Metals	624.6	1,163.5	734.6	86.3	-36.9
	2. Machine Tools	591.5	987.2	515.8	66.9	-47.8
	3. Machinery except Electrical & Electronics	5,363.7	8,572.8	6,391.4	59.8	-25.4
	4. Electrical Machinery except Electronics	784.8	1,459.4	989.1	86.0	-32.2
	5. Electronic Goods incl. Computer Software	6,836.1	8,981.9	7,596.5	31.4	-15.4
	6. Transport Equipments	1,879.9	4,264.4	1,994.7	126.8	-53.2
	7. Project Goods	437.1	1,078.5	1,388.5	146.7	28.7
	B. Mainly Export Related Items	7,430.9	12,944.3	8,774.0	74.2	-32.2
	1. Pearls, Precious & Semi-Precious Stones	3,318.2	6,647.2	3,924.2	100.3	-41.0
	2. Chemicals, Organic & Inorganic	3,199.9	5,090.6	3,764.8	59.1	-26.0
	3. Textile Yarn, Fabric, etc.	761.1	959.6	811.9	26.1	-15.4
	4. Cashew Nuts, raw	151.7	246.9	273.1	62.8	10.6
	C. Others	23,437.8	21,279.2	18,951.7	-9.2	-10.9
	of which :
	1. Gold & Silver	8,819.9	7,845.4	7,776.8	-11.0	-0.9
	2. Artificial Resins & Plastic Materials	1,112.5	1,516.4	1,614.0	36.3	6.4
	3. Professional Instruments etc. except electrical	956.6	1,508.2	1,245.8	57.7	-17.4
	4. Coal, Coke & Briquettes etc.	1,884.4	3,711.3	2,755.1	97.0	-25.8
	5. Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Products	544.0	715.4	638.9	31.5	-10.7
	6. Chemical Materials & Products	489.8	817.5	713.3	66.9	-12.7
	7. Non-Metallic Mineral Manufactures	288.0	444.8	332.0	54.5	-25.4
	Total Imports	80,664.7	120,336.5	82,361.0	49.2	-31.6
	Memo Items
	Non-Oil Imports	58,068.7	78,115.8	58,394.9	34.5	-25.2
	Non-Oil Imports excl. Gold & Silver	49,248.7	70,270.4	50,618.2	42.7	-28.0
	Mainly Industrial Inputs*	45,863.9	63,939.7	45,365.3	39.4	-29.0
P : Provisional. R : Revised. * : Non oil imports net of gold and silver, bulk consumption goods, manufactured fertilisers and professional instruments. Note: Figures in brackets relate to percentage to total imports for the period. Source : DGCI & S.

Statement 6 : Direction of India’s Foreign Trade - Imports
(US$ million)
Group / Country		April-July			Percentage Variation
Group / Country		2007-08	2008-09 R	2009-10 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1		2	3	4	5	6
I.	O E C D Countries	26,368.5	36,348.9	27,371.2	37.8	-24.7
	A. E U	11,000.6	16,068.0	11,249.1	46.1	-30.0
	of which:
	1. Belgium	1,841.9	2,349.0	1,808.6	27.5	-23.0
	2. France	710.0	1,578.6	945.6	122.4	-40.1
	3. Germany	2,946.5	4,434.8	3,098.0	50.5	-30.1
	4. Italy	1,069.9	1,906.8	1,120.7	78.2	-41.2
	5. Netherlands	520.8	801.1	516.0	53.8	-35.6
	6. U K	1,664.4	1,982.0	1,428.8	19.1	-27.9
	B. North America	4,404.6	7,387.2	5,545.6	67.7	-24.9
	1. Canada	558.3	832.7	563.3	49.2	-32.4
	2. U S A	3,846.4	6,554.5	4,982.3	70.4	-24.0
	C. Asia and Oceania	5,255.9	7,051.1	6,188.7	34.2	-12.2
	of which:
	1. Australia	3,204.1	3,831.3	3,982.6	19.6	4.0
	2. Japan	1,932.6	3,087.5	2,036.6	59.8	-34.0
	D. Other O E C D Countries	5,707.4	5,842.6	4,387.8	2.4	-24.9
	of which:
	1. Switzerland	4,871.7	4,636.2	3,298.0	-4.8	-28.9
II.	O P E C	22,572.3	43,665.8	24,361.2	93.4	-44.2
	of which:
	1. Indonesia	1,531.4	2,116.5	2,695.0	38.2	27.3
	2. Iran	3,212.5	4,650.5	3,497.1	44.8	-24.8
	3. Iraq	1,689.4	3,884.1	1,997.4	129.9	-48.6
	4. Kuwait	1,939.4	4,014.1	2,299.0	107.0	-42.7
	5. Saudi Arabia	4,994.0	9,188.4	4,455.4	84.0	-51.5
	6. U A E	4,436.8	11,566.5	4,934.6	160.7	-57.3
III.	Eastern Europe	1,136.8	1,981.3	1,976.8	74.3	-0.2
	of which:
	1. Russia	626.2	1,305.8	1,232.3	108.5	-5.6
IV.	Developing Countries	24,575.7	37,792.2	28,054.5	53.8	-25.8
	of which:
	A. Asia	19,477.8	30,816.2	22,314.4	58.2	-27.6
	a) S A A R C	539.4	670.9	476.8	24.4	-28.9
	1. Afghanistan	17.7	23.4	22.6	32.3	-3.3
	2. Bangladesh	104.2	117.4	73.9	12.7	-37.1
	3. Bhutan	65.7	67.7	41.6	3.1	-38.6
	4. Maldives	1.2	1.8	0.6	55.3	-64.5
	5. Nepal	131.2	196.2	152.3	49.6	-22.4
	6. Pakistan	80.7	125.5	76.3	55.4	-39.2
	7. Sri Lanka	138.7	138.8	109.5	0.1	-21.1
	b) Other Asian Developing Countries	18,938.5	30,145.3	21,837.6	59.2	-27.6
	of which:
	1. People’s Republic of China	8,132.2	12,708.5	9,774.2	56.3	-23.1
	2. Hong Kong	904.3	1,981.7	1,190.5	119.1	-39.9
	3. South Korea	1,840.4	2,927.0	2,352.6	59.0	-19.6
	4. Malaysia	1,940.8	2,815.7	1,513.7	45.1	-46.2
	5. Singapore	2,308.6	3,254.4	2,364.1	41.0	-27.4
	6. Thailand	752.8	936.4	944.2	24.4	0.8
	B. Africa	3,336.5	5,020.5	3,846.7	50.5	-23.4
	of which:
	1. Benin	43.4	72.5	97.1	67.0	33.9
	2. Egypt Arab Republic	630.1	880.9	681.4	39.8	-22.6
	3. Kenya	23.9	28.8	31.0	20.5	7.6
	4. South Africa	1,389.0	1,877.3	1,802.5	35.2	-4.0
	5. Sudan	113.3	195.8	90.6	72.8	-53.7
	6. Tanzania	16.4	14.7	61.4	-10.1	316.5
	7. Zambia	49.6	42.4	23.6	-14.5	-44.3
	C. Latin American Countries	1,761.4	1,955.5	1,893.3	11.0	-3.2
V.	Others	5,776.5	26.6	169.7	-99.5	537.7
VI.	Unspecified	234.9	521.7	427.7	122.1	-18.0
Total Imports		80,664.7	120,336.5	82,361.0	49.2	-31.6
P : Provisional. R : Revised. Source : DGCI & S.

* Prepared in the Division of International Trade, Department of Economic Analysis and Policy. The previous issue of the article was published in RBI Bulletin, February 2010.